View from the 25 de Abril Bridge

The construction of the Christ the King monument was approved in a Portuguese Episcopate conference, held in Fatima on 20 April 1940, as a plea to God to release Portugal from entering World War II and celebrate the 50th anniversary of the act of consecration of the world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.[1] However, the idea had originated earlier on a visit of the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1934, soon after the inauguration of the statue of Christ the Redeemer in 1931.[2][3]

 View of Christ the King monument with the Tagus River in the foreground and Almada in the background

In 1941 the land which was used to construct the monument was acquired.[2] In 1949 the cornerstone was finally placed on the site, and managed by the Portuguese Episcopate.[2][3] Construction began in 1949 and took ten years to complete, funded and supported by Apostleship of Prayer members.[2] Yet it was only in 1952 that the first construction started on the site; at that time the foundations of the monument were established by Empresa de Construções OPCA. The final cost of the complex was of twenty million escudos (20 059 258$40).[3]

The inauguration of the complex officially began on 17 May 1959, and continued throughout the 20th century. On the 25th anniversary of the Shrine in 1984, the Chapel of Our Lady of Peace was first inaugurated.[2][3] A new plan was approved to recondition the grounds of the Shrine (under the direction of Luiz Cunha and Domingos Ávila Gomes) and also to build a Sanctuary, which included a rectory, a chapel, administration and meeting halls and exhibition galleries.[2][3]

When Pope Paul VI created the Diocese of Setúbal on 16 July 1975, by means of the Papal bull Studentes Nos, the Monument of Christ the King and the Seminary of Almada remained under the control of the Patriarchate of Lisbon.[2] In June 1999 the site passed under the authority of the Diocese of Setúbal, which immediately started to restore the monument.[2] The municipal authority was responsible for public works, beginning in May 2001 to clean the area and reorganize the public spaces, under technical supervision of the School of Sciences and Technology of the Nova University of Lisbon.[3] Following the restoration projects, the monument was reopened in a solemn ceremony on 1 February 2001. Due to its national importance, the Conference of Bishops determined that funds collected throughout the country on 23 November 2003 would be used for the restoration.

 Christ the King view from Lisbon

In order to support pilgrimage to the site, in June 2004 new spaces in the Sanctuary building were inaugurated, including a dining room for 150 people and two segregated dormitories.[2][3] This was followed on 17 May 2005 by the inauguration of a 150-person dining area and 80-person meeting hall, in addition to two segregated dormitories, dining room and kitchen.[2]

Improvements to the monument and sanctuary of Christ the King began in 2006.[3] By 17 May of that year, the Chapel of Our Lady of Peace was inaugurated, under the supervision of architect João de Sousa Araújo.[2] In the following year (17 May 2007), the Pope John XXIII hall was opened, containing eight oil paintings by the same architect, among them images from the encyclical Pax in Terris and a statue of the Angel of Portugal.[2] Similarly, the old high cross from the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fatima was donated to the Sanctuary of Christ the King, and unveiled on the same day.[2] On 25 November 2005, the newly remodeled main sacristy in the monument's chapel was reopened. It features the original statue from the monument by sculptor Francisco Franco.[2]

On 17 May 2008, the Chapel of the Confidants in the Heart of Jesus, containing precious reliquaries of St Margaret Mary Alacoque, St John Eudes, St Faustina Kowalska and Blessed Mary of the Divine Heart was inaugurated, along with the Ten Commandments in bronze, which were placed on the main face of the monument.[2]

The inauguration of the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament (6 January 2009) witnessed the presentation of two paintings related to the revelations made by Margaret Mary Alacoque and another, which was placed above the tabernacle.[2]

Pope Benedict XVI over flew the shrine on the occasion of his apostolic visit to Portugal in May 2010.

Porsche controversy

In summer 2023, carmaker Porsche controversially digitally removed the statue from footage of Lisbon in their advertisement, with the statue's base still visible. In response to the controversy, Porsche apologized and pulled the advertisement, later replacing it with one that retained the original footage which depicted the Christ the King statue.[4][5]