La Catrina ( La Calavera Catrina )

La Calavera Catrina ("The Dapper [female] Skull") had its origin as a zinc etching created by the Mexican printmaker and lithographer José Guadalupe Posada (1852-1913) around 1910. It was first published posthumously in 1913 in a satiric broadside (a newspaper-sized sheet of paper) as a photo-relief etching. This image of a female skull with a large hat appeared in at least four broadsides, accompanied by different satiric texts (none written by Posada).

In 1946-47, the Mexican muralist Diego Rivera (1886-1957) elaborated Posada's creation into a full-scale figure that he placed in his fresco "A Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park" (now in the Museo Mural Diego Rivera). Whereas Posada's print likely intended to satirize upper class women of the Porfiriato, Rivera, through various iconographic attributes that referenced indigenous cultures, rehabilitated her into a Mexican national symbol.

La Catrina is a ubiquitous character associated with Day of the Dead (Spanish: Día de los Muertos), both in Mexico and around the world. Additionally, it has become an icon of Mexican identity, sometimes used in opposition to the Halloween Jack-o'-lantern.